Constitutional monarchy in northwestern Europe, bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Luxembourg City is its capital and largest city.
- Luxembourg has been a member of NATO since 1949.
- It was occupied by Germany during parts of World War I and World War II.
- Part of the Battle of the Bulge was fought in northern Luxembourg in the winter of 1944-1945.
- It is an international financial center and one of Europe's oldest and smallest independent countries.